Energy yield overview

SolarLayout estimates electricity yield over a 25-year operating window using hourly irradiance + temperature data, your module + inverter specs, and a physics-based losses model.

Inputs

P50 vs P90

Energy yield is reported as both:

• P50 — median expected production. Half of years will exceed this.
• P90 — conservative case. 90% of years will exceed this.

The spread reflects inter-annual irradiance variability. Financiers care about P90; engineering uses P50 for sizing.

Bifacial uplift

If your module has is_bifacial = true, SolarLayout adds a rear-side irradiance contribution scaled by:

• bifaciality_factor — module's rear-vs-front efficiency ratio (typical 0.65–0.85)
• ground_albedo — site reflectivity (typical 0.18–0.25 for grass, higher for sand/snow)

See Bifacial modules for the full model.

Losses model

Industry-standard losses are applied in series:

Total system-level losses typically land in the 12-18% range.